Chapter 1
"1. Introduction
The mathematical treatment of phenomena that oscillate randomly in space and time, generating the so called “statistical governing equations”, is still a difficult task for scientists and engineers. Turbulence in fluids is an example of such phenomena, which has great influence on the transport of physical proprieties by the fluids, but which statistical quantification is still strongly based on ad hoc models. In turbulent flows, parameters like velocity, temperature and mass concentration oscillate continuously in turbulent fluids, but their detailed behavior, considering all the possible time and space scales, has been considered difficult to be reproduced mathematically since the very beginning of the studies on turbulence. So, statistical equations were proposed and refined by several authors, aiming to describe the evolution of the “mean values” of the different parameters (see a description, for example, in Monin & Yaglom, 1979, 1981). (...)"
Hydrodynamics - Advanced Topics
ISBN 978-953-307-596-9, Hard cover, 442 pagesPublisher: InTech
Publication date: December 2011
Subject: Mechanical Engineering
